Modal verbs

Must / Mustn't

Use it for a strong obligation, a rule, or the speaker’s certainty.

Rule

Must means strong obligation or a rule. Mustn't means forbidden, not lack of obligation. Past -> had to; future -> will have to.

Formula

Positive (+)Subject + must + V1You must finish this report.I must call her.
Negative (-)Subject + mustn't + V1You mustn't smoke here. (forbidden!)
Question (?)Must + subject + V1?Must I do this?

Notes

  • No direct past/future forms
  • Past -> had to
  • Future -> will have to
  • mustn't is not don't have to: forbidden is not the same as not necessary