Am / Is / Are
- I + am
- he/she/it + is
- you/we/they + are
- isn't / aren't
- Am/Is/Are + subject?
- Estado, identidad o descripción (no una acción)
Gramática
Tarjetas gratuitas de gramática para construir oraciones correctas en inglés: tiempos verbales, artículos, pronombres, verbos modales y más, cada tema con una fórmula clara y ejemplos.
- Presente9 tarjetas
- Pasado6 tarjetas
- Futuro3 tarjetas
- Artículos2 tarjetas
- Sustantivos3 tarjetas
- Pronombres5 tarjetas
- Verbos2 tarjetas
- Patrones verbales3 tarjetas
- Verbos modales6 tarjetas
- Adverbios3 tarjetas
- Cantidad5 tarjetas
- Preguntas2 tarjetas
- Condicionales2 tarjetas
- Preposiciones4 tarjetas
- Comparación de adjetivos1 tarjeta
- Conectores1 tarjeta
- Phrasal verbs1 tarjeta
- Verbos que se confunden1 tarjeta
- Modismos2 tarjetas
There is / There are
- there is + singular / incontable
- there are + plural
- there isn't / aren't
- Is/Are there ...?
- algo existe o está en algún lugar
Present Simple
- I/you/we/they + V1
- he/she/it + verb + -s/-es
- don't / doesn't + V1
- Do/Does + subject + V1?
alwaysusuallyoftensometimesneverevery day/week
Do / Does
- I/you/we/they → do
- he/she/it → does
- con do/does → verbo sin -s
- no se usa en afirmativas normales
Have / Has
- I/you/we/they + have
- he/she/it + has
- don't / doesn't + have
- Do/Does + subject + have?
Present Continuous
- Subject + am/is/are + V-ing
- Subject + am/is/are + not + V-ing
- Am/Is/Are + subject + V-ing?
nowat the momentcurrentlytodaythis weekstill
Present Simple vs Continuous
- hábito / hecho → Present Simple
- ocurre ahora → Present Continuous
- always, usually frente a now, at the moment
Present Perfect
- I/you/we/they + have + V3
- he/she/it + has + V3
- verbos regulares: V3 = verb-ed
- Have/Has + subject + V3?
alreadyjustyeteverneversinceforrecently
Already / Just / Yet
- have/has + just + V3
- have/has + already + V3
- haven't/hasn't + V3 ... yet
- yet → solo en negativas y preguntas
Was / Were
- I/he/she/it + was
- you/we/they + were
- wasn't / weren't
- Was/Were + subject?
Past Simple
- subject + V2 / verb-ed
- subject + didn't + V1
- Did + subject + V1?
- con did/didn't → verbo en forma base (V1)
yesterdaylast month/yeartwo days agoin 1995when I was a child
Did
- did es igual para todos los sujetos
- Subject + didn't + V1
- Did + subject + V1?
- con did/didn't → verbo en V1 (sin -ed ni V2)
- no se usa en afirmativas normales
Had
- subject + had
- subject + didn't have
- Did + subject + have?
- en preguntas y negativas: did + have, no had
Past Continuous
- I/he/she/it + was + V-ing
- you/we/they + were + V-ing
- wasn't / weren't + V-ing
- Was/Were + subject + V-ing?
whenwhileat 5 o'clockat that momentall day
Past Simple vs Present Perfect
- tiempo terminado → Past Simple
- resultado / experiencia actual → Present Perfect
- yesterday frente a just, already, ever
Future Simple
- subject + will + V1
- subject + won't / will not + V1
- Will + subject + V1?
- promesa / predicción / decisión del momento
tomorrownext weeksoonlaterin 2030
Be going to
- Subject + am/is/are + going to + V1
- Subject + am/is/are + not + going to + V1
- Am/Is/Are + subject + going to + V1?
tomorrowtonightnext weekin a minutesoon
Will vs Be going to
- decisión del momento → will
- plan / intención → be going to
- evidencia visible → be going to
A / An
- primera mención o cualquier elemento de un grupo
- a → antes de un sonido consonántico
- an → antes de un sonido vocálico
The
- algo específico o ya conocido
- algo único en su contexto
- superlativos: the best
- nombres de aguas, cordilleras y países plurales
Sustantivos plurales
- + -s / -es
- consonante + -y → -ies
- irregular: man → men
Contables e incontables
- contable: a book, two books
- incontable: water, money — sin plural
- las palabras de cantidad dependen de esta diferencia
Possessive 's
- singular + 's
- plural en -s + '
- plural irregular + 's
Subject pronouns
- I / you / he / she / it / we / they
- realizan la acción (sujeto)
- van antes del verbo
Object pronouns
- me / you / him / her / it / us / them
- reciben la acción (objeto)
- van después de un verbo o una preposición
Possessive adjectives
- my / your / his / her / its / our / their + noun
- siempre antes de un sustantivo
- indican posesión
Possessive pronouns
- mine / yours / his / hers / ours / theirs
- independientes: sin sustantivo
- sustituyen «possessive + noun»
This / That / These / Those
- this / these → cerca
- that / those → lejos
- singular / plural
Verbos irregulares
- V1 — forma base, V2 — Past Simple, V3 — past participle
- go - went - gone
- sin -ed: aprende las tres formas juntas
Imperativos
- V1 para ordenar: Sit down.
- Don't + V1 para prohibir
- Let's + V1 para sugerir
Like / Love / Hate + -ing
- like/love/enjoy/hate + V-ing
- I like swimming.
- don't like + V-ing
Would like
- I'd like + noun / to V1
- forma cortés de want
- Would you like...? = ofrecimiento
Verb + to-infinitive
- want / need / hope / decide + to V1
- I want to go.
- verbos relacionados con planes
Can / Can't
- subject + can + V1
- subject + can't / cannot + V1
- Can + subject + V1?
- capacidad / permiso / petición
Could
- pasado de can: I could swim at five
- couldn't = no podía
- Could you...? = petición cortés
May / Might
- quizá: It may/might rain
- might = un poco menos seguro
- May I...? = permiso formal
Should / Shouldn't
- subject + should + V1
- subject + shouldn't + V1
- Should + subject + V1?
- consejo / recomendación
Have to
- I/you/we/they + have to + V1
- he/she/it + has to + V1
- don't / doesn't have to + V1
- Do/Does + subject + have to + V1?
- don't have to no significa mustn't
Must / Mustn't
- subject + must + V1
- subject + mustn't + V1 = PROHIBIDO
- Must + subject + V1?
- solo tiene forma de presente
Adverbios de frecuencia
- escala de always a never
- antes del verbo principal
- después de to be
Adverbios de modo
- adjective + -ly = cómo
- slow → slowly
- irregulares: well, fast, hard
Too / Enough
- too + adjective = más de lo necesario
- adjective + enough
- enough + noun
Some / Any
- some → afirmativas y ofrecimientos
- any → preguntas y negativas
- no se usan con sustantivos contables singulares
A few / A little
- a few → sustantivos contables plurales
- a little → sustantivos incontables
- matiz positivo: hay al menos un poco
A lot of / Lots of
- una cantidad grande
- sustantivos contables e incontables
- la forma no cambia
None / Not any
- none → respuesta corta
- not any → dentro de una oración con verbo
- con plurales y sustantivos incontables
How much / How many
- how many → sustantivos contables plurales
- how much → sustantivos incontables
- solo en preguntas
Question words
- what / where / when / who / how
- al principio de una pregunta
- después, el orden interrogativo normal
Question tags
- afirmativa → question tag negativa: ..., isn't it?
- negativa → question tag afirmativa: ..., do you?
- se repite el auxiliar
Zero Conditional
- If + Present, Present
- hechos y reglas
- if casi equivale a when
First Conditional
- If + Present, will + V1
- posibilidad futura real
- sin will después de if
In / On / At (tiempo)
- in → periodos amplios
- on → días / fechas
- at → punto exacto
In / On / At (lugar)
- in → dentro de un espacio
- on → sobre una superficie
- at → en un punto concreto
Relaciones espaciales
- posición de un objeto respecto de otro
- near / next to / between
- under / behind / in front of
Preposiciones de movimiento
- to → destino
- into / out of
- across / through / along
Comparación de adjetivos
- cortos: -er / the -est
- largos: more / the most
- good → better → the best
- comparativo + than